By: Odeh Favour
Nigerians have been urged to take precautions against extreme heat and changing weather conditions as the El Niño climate pattern raises concerns about possible impacts on temperatures, rainfall, farming and water supplies.
The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), in its September 2026 forecast, indicated the possibility of El Niño strengthening, prompting concerns about potential weather disruptions in different parts of the world, including Nigeria.
El Niño is a natural climate phenomenon that occurs when parts of the Pacific Ocean become warmer than normal, affecting weather patterns in different parts of the world.
Although the term may be unfamiliar to many Nigerians, its possible effects can include unusual heat, changing rainfall patterns and prolonged dry spells in some regions.
The effects of El Niño vary from country to country, and its occurrence does not automatically mean that every part of Nigeria will experience extreme heat or drought.
Local weather conditions and other climate factors also influence the country’s temperature and rainfall.
However, prolonged extreme heat can pose health risks, including dehydration, heat exhaustion and heatstroke.
Outdoor workers, traders, farmers, children and older people may be particularly vulnerable.
Changes in rainfall can also affect agricultural production, potentially reducing crop yields and placing pressure on food supplies and household budgets.
Prolonged dry conditions may contribute to water shortages, while heavy rainfall in some areas can increase the risk of flooding.
Safety Tips and Precautions
Drink water regularly: Stay hydrated throughout the day, particularly when working outdoors or spending long periods in the sun.
Avoid peak afternoon heat: Where possible, limit strenuous activities during the hottest hours and schedule outdoor work for the cooler parts of the day.
Wear light clothing: Use lightweight clothing, hats and umbrellas to reduce direct exposure to the sun.
Watch for heat-related illness: Dizziness, headaches, nausea and unusual weakness may indicate heat stress. Move to a cooler place and seek medical attention if symptoms are severe or persist.
Look out for vulnerable people: Check on children, older people and others who may struggle to cope with extreme heat.
Follow NiMet weather updates: Use official forecasts and advisories to plan daily activities, farming operations and travel.
Farmers should plan ahead: Consult local weather forecasts before planting and seek agricultural advice on suitable crops and ways to manage changing rainfall patterns.
Conserve water: Avoid unnecessary water use, fix leaking taps and store water safely where shortages are a concern.
Prepare for flooding where necessary: Keep drainage channels clear, avoid driving or walking through floodwaters and heed official flood warnings, as changes in rainfall can still bring heavy downpours.
Protect livestock: Provide animals with shade and clean drinking water, especially during periods of intense heat.
Keep homes cool: Improve ventilation and use available shade to reduce indoor temperatures. Never leave children or vulnerable people inside hot, enclosed vehicles.
Encourage community preparedness: Schools, workplaces, health facilities and local authorities should make plans for extreme heat, water shortages and other possible weather-related emergencies.
The public should also follow updates from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) and relevant emergency agencies.
Although El Niño cannot be prevented, early preparation and access to reliable weather information can help communities reduce its potential effects on health, agriculture and livelihoods.
Experts stress that understanding changing weather patterns and taking simple precautions can help Nigerians protect themselves against extreme heat and other weather-related risks.
